Detailed causality between the valvular calcification and recurrent atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation

Key Points:

• Valvular calcification promotes atrial remodeling, fibrosis, and conduction abnormalities, increasing the risk of AF recurrence.
• Hemodynamic changes from calcified valves contribute to atrial enlargement and elevated pressure, creating a pro-arrhythmic substrate.
• Understanding these mechanisms can refine ablation strategies and optimize post-procedural outcomes in AF patient.