Topics

UNIT I: Introduction to Pathophysiology Pathology
& Pathophysiology +Differentiate among Pathophysiology and other
biomedical sciences

Discuss the
basic concepts of disease and its development+Briefly discuss each of the
five components of the disease process:

Prevalence +Etiology
+ Pathogenesis +Clinical manifestation

UNIT II: Mechanism of Infection & Inflammation The
stages of an infectious disease after the point at which the potential
pathogen enters the body.

List the
systemic manifestation of infectious diseases+Discuss the purpose of
inflammation

Describe the
physiological mechanism involved in the production of five cardinal signs of
inflammation

Differentiate
the hemodynamic and cellular phases of inflammatory response+Differentiate
between chronic and acute inflammation.

UNIT III: Cellular Adaptation & Aberrant Cell Growth Discuss the general changes in cell structure and function
that occur as a result of normal adaptive processes.

Describe
cellular changes that occur with Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia,
Metaplasia and dysplasia and general conditions under which these changes
occur.

Differentiate
the neoplastic growth from normal adaptive changes

Differentiate
between malignant and benign tumors.

Describe
the Tumor, Nodes, Metastasis for cancer staging.

Describe
the role of Proto oncogene & Anti-oncogene to transform normal cell line
to cancer cell lina (Carcinogenesis)

Discuss
the predisposing factors of aberrant cell growth.

List the characteristics of cancer cells.

UNIT IV: Trauma & Cell Injury Discuss trauma

Explain
the process of cell injury+Discuss reversible & irreversible cell injury

Describe
the mechanisms of cell injury that is;

Hypoxic +free
radical

Chemical+physical+Nutritional

Discuss
cell death in terms of:+Mechanisms & types of necrosis

UNIT
V: Homeostasis Imbalances A. Fluid Electrolyte Imbalance Review the physiological mechanism responsible for the
movement of fluid and electrolyte in the following body compartments.

Between
Intra Cellular Fluid (ICF) & Extra Cellular Fluid (ECF) +Between
Intravascular & interstitial.

Discuss the Starling’s Hypothesis to describe
the movement of fluid across the capillary wall.+Discuss the classification
of fluid electrolyte imbalance in terms of:

Isotonic imbalance+Osmotic
imbalance+Compositional imbalance

Discuss the causes manifestation, and
pathophysiology of following isotonic imbalance:

hypovolemia

hypervolemia

Discuss the causes, pathophysiology and clinical
manifestation of the osmotic imbalance:

Hyponateremia+hypernateremia

Discuss the causes, pathophysiology and clinical
manifestation of compositional imbalance: hypokalemia+hyperkalemia

B. Acid Base Imbalance:Review the physiological mechanism responsible to regulate
acid base balance in the body i.e.

Buffers
(phosphate, hemoglobin, carbonate)+Renal mechanism

Respiratory mechanism

Discuss the classification of acid base
imbalance in terms of:Respiratory acidosis+Respiratory alkalosis+Metabolic
alkalosis

Discuss how to interpret the arterial blood
gases (ABGs) to identify four types of acid base imbalance.

Discuss the causes, pathophysiology and clinical
manifestation of+Respiratory acidosis & alkalosis.+Metabolic acidosis
& alkalosis.

UNIT VI: Immunological Disorders:Review the following concepts of immune response+Components
of immune response

Humoral
versus cell mediated immunity+Antigen processing presentation and recognition

Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity+Discuss
the disorder of immune response including. AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency
syndrome) & Hypersensitivity (allergies)

Discuss the epidemiology, pathogenesis &
clinical manifestation of HIV infection.+Discuss the pathophysiology of
different types of hypersensitivity (Type I, Type II, Type III & Type IV)

UNIT I: Genetic Disorders:Differentiate between Genetic & Congenital disorder

Define the following terminologies related to genetic
disorders:Trisomy +Monosomy+ Polysomy

Discuss the Chromosomal defects with special emphasis on
aneuploidy+Describe the pathophysiology and the clinical manifestation of the
following genetics disorders.

Down’s syndrome+Turner’s syndrome+Kleinfelters syndrome

UNIT II: Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Review the hypothalamic pituitary control mechanism of hormone
secretions in the body.

Differentiate between hypo & hyper function of
the endocrine glands.

A. Disorders of Growth Hormone:In this session learners will discuss the functions and
disorders of the growth hormone.

Discuss the functions of growth hormone+Discuss the
disorders of Growth hormones(Gigantism, Acromegaly & Dwarfism)

B. Disorders of endocrine pancreas (Diabetes
Mellitus):Review of Anatomy & Physiology of endocrine
pancreas+Briefly discuss the classification of diabetes mellitus (DM)

Discuss etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical
manifestations of Type 1 DM & Type 2 DM+Identify the main differences
between Type 1 & Type 2 DM.

Identify pathogenesis and manifestations

UNIT II: Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders:Review the hypothalamic pituitary control mechanism of hormone
secretions in the body.

Differentiate between hypo & hyper function of
the endocrine glands.

A. Disorders of Growth Hormone:Discuss the functions of growth hormone

2. Discuss the disorders of Growth hormones

(Gigantism, Acromegaly & Dwarfism)

B. Disorders of endocrine pancreas (Diabetes
Mellitus):Review of Anatomy & Physiology of endocrine
pancreas+Briefly discuss the classification of diabetes mellitus (DM)

Discuss etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical
manifestations of Type 1 DM & Type 2 DM+ Identify the main differences
between Type 1 & Type 2 DM.

Identify pathogenesis and manifestations of the acute
and chronic complications of diabetes mellitus.

C. Disorders of
Thyroid Gland & Parathyroid gland:Review the Anatomy and Physiology
of thyroid gland and parathyroid gland and hypothalamic pituitary thyroid
feed back system.

Discuss the disorders associated with Thyroid gland
i.e. hyporthyroidism +goiter (non-toxic)+cretinism+Myxedema

Discuss the disorders associated with Thyroid gland
i.e hyperthyroidism+Grave’s disease +Goiter (toxic)

Discuss the mechanism of action of parathyroid hormone
(parathormone and calcitonin)+Explain the effects of hypo and hyper
parathyroidism on the body systems such as Renal and musculoskeletal system

D. Disorders of Adrenal gland +Review the Anatomy and Physiology of the Adrenal gland+Discuss
the functions of adrenal cortex hormones (corticosteroid)

Discuss the following+Cushing’s syndrome +Addison’s
disease.

UNIT III: Disorders of Neurological System:A. Pain:Review the concept of somatosensory pathway+Describe the
function of Nociceptors in response to pain

Describe the function of endogenous analgesic
mechanism as they relate to transmission of pain information.

Describe the proposed mechanism of pain relief
associated with the use of heat, cold & TENS i.e. Transcutaneous
electrical nerve stimulation.

B. Disorders of Neurological function:Review the major vessels in the cerebral circulation+Review the,
blood brain, & brain cerebrospinal fluid barrier.

Explain the degeneration of the nervous tissue that
cause alteration in cerebral blood flow (stroke)+Risk factors and types of
stroke+Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAS)

UNIT-IV Disorder of Special Senses (Eye & ear):Review the A & P of eye & ear+Discuss some common visual
& auditory dysfunction

Glaucoma+Tinnitus & hearing Loss

UNIT-V Cardiomuscular System:A. Cardiovascular Disorders:Review the following structure
that support the cardiac metabolism

coronary circulation ( collateral arteries)+heart
action i.e. conduction system ,myocardial contraction and relaxation

Explain the mechanism of blood vessels obstruction in
atherosclerosis+Discuss the factors effecting cardiac performance in the
light of Frank Starling and Lapcalce’s law i.e. preload, after load, &
contractility+Eexplain the pathophysiological changes in patients with
ischemic heart diseases :myocardial ischemia (angina & its types)

myocardial infarction

UNIT VI: Alteration in Muscloskeletal support and
movement. (Trauma & Injury):Review
of Anatomy and physiology of musculoskeleton system