How Deal With Unsafe Students In Nursing Who are Unsafe Students?
An unsafe student in the context of nursing education is a learner who, due to various internal and external conditions, is unable to maintain patient safety in accordance with educational expectations and professional standards. This failure to maintain safety may be attributed to a range of compromised characteristics, such as physical, affective, cognitive, behavioral, social, or ethical deficiencies. These students are considered vulnerable to unsafe practices because their abilities do not align with the requirements needed for competent patient care.
External conditions, including academic and healthcare contexts, may further exacerbate the risk of unsafe practices among these students. Factors such as inadequate self-assessment skills, poor communication, and lack of guidance from competent educators can lead to struggles in forming a professional identity that balances both cognitive understanding and practical performance. This imbalance contributes significantly to unsafe practices and necessitates focused educational interventions to mitigate the risks involved.
How Faculty is Responsible for Ensuring Safety
Safety in nursing education is a shared responsibility that involves educators, students, and clinical practitioners. Despite the concerted efforts of all these stakeholders, the sanctity of safety in nursing education is constantly under threat (Attree, Cooke, & Wakefield, 2008). Given this, nursing educators have a critical role to play in safeguarding public health by carefully designing and providing suitable classroom, laboratory, and clinical learning opportunities that promote the development of safe practices among nursing students.
Educators are also obligated to employ evidence-informed educational strategies to ensure the safety of both students and patients. This involves being vigilant in identifying potential risks, recognizing unsafe students and circumstances, and implementing appropriate accommodations and remediation strategies. In situations where remediation is ineffective or inappropriate, it becomes necessary to remove unsafe students from practice settings to prevent harm.
As students progress through their nursing programs, their responsibilities for patient safety increase in both breadth and depth. Consequently, it is essential that cognitive, affective, and practical expectations are clearly defined and consistently upheld at each level of learning to prevent the progression of unsafe students through the program. A deliberate focus on open communication between educators, students, and clinicians about patient safety is a prerequisite for fostering a safe practice environment.
A collaborative learning partnership characterized by mutual respect, trust, and open communication can help students integrate formative and constructive feedback to support safe practices in clinical settings (Gillespie, 2005). Despite such guided learning efforts and timely evaluations, some students may still be unable to meet the minimum expectations for safe practice, underscoring the need for educators to intervene decisively in these cases.
Impact of Unsafe Students on the Working Environment
The presence of unsafe practitioners, including nursing students, in any healthcare setting is a global concern that poses significant risks to patient safety. As novices, nursing students are particularly vulnerable to engaging in unsafe practices at various stages of their learning journey. The root causes of unsafe practices are often a complex interplay between individual student factors and broader systemic circumstances. In response to these challenges, many educational programs have been developed with a strong focus on cultivating safety competencies (National Patient Safety Foundation, 2014; Quality and Safety Education for Nurses Institute, 2014; World Health Organization, 2011).
These programs emphasize a shared focus on evidence-informed knowledge, patient-centered care, understanding roles and responsibilities, clinical reasoning, health informatics, and effective communication, along with risk management strategies. Emerging educational programs are designed to generate safe practitioners by emphasizing comprehensive safety curricula that encompass all these critical aspects (Brady, 2011).
From the perspective of senior nursing students, the profile of an unsafe student typically includes several compromised attributes: poor professional accountability, inadequate critical thinking skills, lack of patient-centeredness, impaired communication and interactions, unsatisfactory clinical performance, and insufficient clinical progression (Killam et al., 2012). These deficiencies can significantly impact the overall learning environment, as they not only jeopardize patient safety but also create challenges for faculty and fellow students.
Nurse educators are held accountable for upholding the safety mandate and protecting the public from unsafe practices (American Association of Colleges of Nursing [AACN], 2013; Canadian Nurses Association, 2014). While there is no definitive educational approach universally recognized to mitigate the presence of unsafe students, available research suggests that certain teaching and learning strategies may be effective in promoting safety.
Educational Strategies to Address Unsafe Practices
Several strategies have been identified as promising approaches to bridge the gap between theory and practice, thereby promoting safety in clinical settings:
- Problem-Based Learning (PBL):
PBL has been identified as a potential strategy for enhancing student safety by helping bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. This educational approach encourages critical thinking and problem-solving skills, which are essential for safe clinical practice (Khan, Ali, Vazir, Barolia, & Rehan, 2012; Larue, 2008). Through PBL, students are presented with real-world scenarios that require them to apply their knowledge, assess risks, and make informed decisions in a controlled environment. - Simulation-Based Learning:
Simulation is another effective educational strategy that assists educators in evaluating the application of safety competencies in nursing students. Simulations create a safe environment where students can practice and refine their clinical skills without the risk of causing harm to real patients. This approach allows educators to observe student behavior, identify potential safety risks, and provide immediate feedback to improve performance. - Structured Communication:
Establishing regular and structured communication channels about patient safety is vital for fostering a culture of safety within nursing education programs. Organizations may provide frameworks for consistent and documented communication that meets learning needs, identifies risks for unsafe practice, evaluates learning outcomes, and complies with professional and practice-setting policies. Such communication practices are crucial for mitigating the presence of unsafe students in clinical settings.
Impact of Unsafe Students on the Learning Environment
The presence of unsafe students in nursing education can significantly affect the learning environment, leading to multiple negative consequences:
- Compromised Patient Safety:
Unsafe students pose a direct risk to patient safety, potentially leading to errors, near-misses, or adverse events. This risk not only threatens the well-being of patients but also undermines the public’s trust in the healthcare system and the nursing profession. - Increased Stress Among Peers and Faculty:
The presence of unsafe students can create a stressful and anxiety-inducing atmosphere for both their peers and faculty. Fellow students may feel uncomfortable or even fearful about working with unsafe colleagues, while faculty members may experience stress related to their responsibility for ensuring a safe learning environment. - Resource Strain:
Managing unsafe students requires additional resources, including time and effort from faculty members to provide remediation, counseling, and evaluation. This can divert resources away from other students and potentially impact the overall quality of education provided. - Disruption of the Learning Process:
Unsafe practices can disrupt the flow of clinical learning, forcing educators to focus more on corrective actions rather than on the development of higher-order skills and competencies. This can slow down the progress of the entire group and diminish the quality of clinical education. - Legal and Ethical Implications:
Failing to address unsafe practices among students may lead to legal and ethical consequences for the educational institution, faculty members, and the healthcare facilities where clinical education occurs. Institutions must balance the need to support students with the obligation to protect patients and uphold professional standards.
Conclusion
Dealing with unsafe students in nursing education is a critical challenge that requires a multifaceted approach. Educators must be vigilant in identifying and addressing unsafe behaviors and practices while providing opportunities for students to learn and improve. Through strategies such as problem-based learning, simulation, and structured communication, nursing education programs can work to mitigate the risks posed by unsafe students and promote a culture of safety. By doing so, they fulfill their responsibility to safeguard public health, protect the integrity of the nursing profession, and ensure that all graduates are competent, ethical, and safe practitioners.